5/5/2023 0 Comments Similarity synonymsFresh blood in vomitus and faeces is often accompanied by bleeding from the nose, gums, and vagina. Many patients develop severe haemorrhagic manifestations between 5 and 7 days, and fatal cases usually have some form of bleeding, often from multiple areas. In the 1967 European outbreak, non-itchy rash was a feature noted in most patients between 2 and 7 days after onset of symptoms. The appearance of patients at this phase has been described as showing “ghost-like” drawn features, deep-set eyes, expressionless faces, and extreme lethargy. Severe watery diarrhoea, abdominal pain and cramping, nausea and vomiting can begin on the third day. Muscle aches and pains are a common feature. Illness caused by Marburg virus begins abruptly, with high fever, severe headache and severe malaise. The incubation period (interval from infection to onset of symptoms) varies from 2 to 21 days. People remain infectious as long as their blood contains the virus. Transmission via contaminated injection equipment or through needle-stick injuries is associated with more severe disease, rapid deterioration, and, possibly, a higher fatality rate.īurial ceremonies that involve direct contact with the body of the deceased can also contribute in the transmission of Marburg. This has occurred through close contact with patients when infection control precautions are not strictly practiced. Health-care workers have frequently been infected while treating patients with suspected or confirmed MVD. bedding, clothing) contaminated with these fluids. Marburg spreads through human-to-human transmission via direct contact (through broken skin or mucous membranes) with the blood, secretions, organs or other bodily fluids of infected people, and with surfaces and materials (e.g. Initially, human MVD infection results from prolonged exposure to mines or caves inhabited by Rousettus bat colonies. In 2008, two independent cases were reported in travellers who had visited a cave inhabited by Rousettus bat colonies in Uganda. Subsequently, outbreaks and sporadic cases have been reported in Angola, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya, South Africa (in a person with recent travel history to Zimbabwe) and Uganda. The outbreak was associated with laboratory work using African green monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops) imported from Uganda. Two large outbreaks that occurred simultaneously in Marburg and Frankfurt in Germany, and in Belgrade, Serbia, in 1967, led to the initial recognition of the disease. Both diseases are rare and have the capacity to cause outbreaks with high fatality rates. Though caused by different viruses, the two diseases are clinically similar. Marburg and Ebola viruses are both members of the Filoviridae family (filovirus). Marburg virus disease was initially detected in 1967 after simultaneous outbreaks in Marburg and Frankfurt in Germany and in Belgrade, Serbia. Marburg virus is the causative agent of Marburg virus disease (MVD), a disease with a case fatality ratio of up to 88%, but can be much lower with good patient care.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |